snake
December 7th 06, 12:41 AM
Has anyone seen this article? It's called Aquarium Denitrification
Process.
Scientists and fish hobbiests enjoy the benefits of an amazing new
breakthrough. Our patented aquarium products and methodologies reduce
nitrates and ammonia within 24 hours. Aquarium upkeep is made simple
with the new red torpedo filter cannister.
Los Angeles, California (PRWEB) July 28, 2006 -- Process Nitrification
is a natural biological process where nitrifying bacteria convert toxic
ammonia (decomposing food and excrements) into a less harmful nitrate.
The right conditions must exist for the nitrifying bacteria to thrive
and do their job keeping your fish and invertebrates healthy. See
www.hdltd.com for additional information.
High levels of ammonia and nitrites pose a serious threat to the
environment of your fish and aquarium invertebrates. Without this
constant water purifying activity, most forms of fish keeping would be
impossible, as fish would rapidly poison themselves on their own
wastes. It is also no surprise that high nitrate levels are implicated
in some fish diseases. The main source of ammonia comes from metabolic
ammonia excreted as a waste product from the gills. In warmer summer
temperatures koi will excrete between 50 and 100 mg of ammonia per
kilogram of body weight daily.
The other ammonia sources come from fish waste, decomposing food and
other organic matter such as algae. Historically, there are two
bacterial species involved. Nitrosomonas bacteria, which oxidize
ammonia into Nitrite, and Nitrobacter bacteria which converts the
nitrite into nitrate, with both species utilizing the energy released
by the reactions. This seemingly simple process involves a complex
series of reactions that can be summarized in chemist language as:
Nitrosomonas: 55 NH4 + 76 O2 + 109 HCO3-C5H7O2N + 54 NO2- + 57 H2O +
104 H2CO3
Nitrobacter: 400 NO2- + NH4 + 4H2CO3 + HCO3- + 195 O2C5H7O2N + 3H2O
+ 400 NO3-
What these reactions tell us in plain language is that:
In equation (1), ammonia (NH4+) is combined with oxygen and hydrogen
carbonate to produce bacterial cell mass, nitrite (NO2-), water and
carbonic acid.
In equation (2), nitrite is combined with ammonia, carbonic acid,
hydrogen carbonate and oxygen to produce bacterial cell mass, water,
and an abundance of nitrate (NO3-).
For every mg of ammonia-nitrogen oxidized to nitrate-nitrogen
approximately 4.3 mg O2 are consumed. Likewise, 8.64 mg of alkalinity
in the form of HCO3- are consumed per mg of ammonia-nitrogen
oxidized. This is quite a substantial amount of alkalinity, which will
dramatically change the character of the aquarium water, affecting both
hardness and pH stability. Notice the gradual build up of nitric acid.
High acidic levels can promote algae buildup, thusly compounding oxygen
levels to drop, and slow growth rates of the denitrifying bacteria.
A scientific/explosive breakthrough has been discovered and patented by
HDLTD, (see www.hdltd.com or www.memory-doctor.com) which
simultaneously breaks down the ammonia and nitrates. The major
qualities of Right Now Bacteria® are to rapidly convert ammonia (NH3 +
NH4OH, NO2), then into nitrates (NO3), in less than 24 hours. The
remaining gas is then vented into the atmosphere. This aerobic ammonium
oxidation mystifies microbiologists and came as a big surprise and
discovery to the science community and aquarium hobbiests. The Right
Now Bacteria® combined with the tri base carbon is an ideal
combination while pH rock and the sea lab trace elements assist to
stabilize initial reactions to keep your aquarium fish healthy.
Sal****er and freshwater aquarium products are available. Heavy metals
exist in the water make-up of several bodies of water. These also can
be degraded with the usage of Hiatt's Metal Gone ®. Fish
transportation? Not a problem with Hiatt's Instant Ammonia Destroyer
®. Other products such as Chloradsorb ®, coral food, and the red
torpedo filter canister make aquarium and reef tanks upkeep a pleasure,
distributed to wholesalers by Hiatt Distribution LTD and to retailers
by Memory-Doctor, provide a great opportunity to fish and aquarium
enthusiasts. For more information see www.hdltd.com or
www.memory-doctor.com.
Copyright© 2006. All rights reserved, including the right of
reproduction in whole or in part, without permission of Memory-Doctor.
associated articles and websites:
http://saltaquarium.about.com/library/weekly/aa012899.htm?terms=Hiatt
http://www.fws.gov/, http://www.aquaria.info/
http://www.tropicalfishfind.com/, http://www.fishlinkcentral.com/
Process.
Scientists and fish hobbiests enjoy the benefits of an amazing new
breakthrough. Our patented aquarium products and methodologies reduce
nitrates and ammonia within 24 hours. Aquarium upkeep is made simple
with the new red torpedo filter cannister.
Los Angeles, California (PRWEB) July 28, 2006 -- Process Nitrification
is a natural biological process where nitrifying bacteria convert toxic
ammonia (decomposing food and excrements) into a less harmful nitrate.
The right conditions must exist for the nitrifying bacteria to thrive
and do their job keeping your fish and invertebrates healthy. See
www.hdltd.com for additional information.
High levels of ammonia and nitrites pose a serious threat to the
environment of your fish and aquarium invertebrates. Without this
constant water purifying activity, most forms of fish keeping would be
impossible, as fish would rapidly poison themselves on their own
wastes. It is also no surprise that high nitrate levels are implicated
in some fish diseases. The main source of ammonia comes from metabolic
ammonia excreted as a waste product from the gills. In warmer summer
temperatures koi will excrete between 50 and 100 mg of ammonia per
kilogram of body weight daily.
The other ammonia sources come from fish waste, decomposing food and
other organic matter such as algae. Historically, there are two
bacterial species involved. Nitrosomonas bacteria, which oxidize
ammonia into Nitrite, and Nitrobacter bacteria which converts the
nitrite into nitrate, with both species utilizing the energy released
by the reactions. This seemingly simple process involves a complex
series of reactions that can be summarized in chemist language as:
Nitrosomonas: 55 NH4 + 76 O2 + 109 HCO3-C5H7O2N + 54 NO2- + 57 H2O +
104 H2CO3
Nitrobacter: 400 NO2- + NH4 + 4H2CO3 + HCO3- + 195 O2C5H7O2N + 3H2O
+ 400 NO3-
What these reactions tell us in plain language is that:
In equation (1), ammonia (NH4+) is combined with oxygen and hydrogen
carbonate to produce bacterial cell mass, nitrite (NO2-), water and
carbonic acid.
In equation (2), nitrite is combined with ammonia, carbonic acid,
hydrogen carbonate and oxygen to produce bacterial cell mass, water,
and an abundance of nitrate (NO3-).
For every mg of ammonia-nitrogen oxidized to nitrate-nitrogen
approximately 4.3 mg O2 are consumed. Likewise, 8.64 mg of alkalinity
in the form of HCO3- are consumed per mg of ammonia-nitrogen
oxidized. This is quite a substantial amount of alkalinity, which will
dramatically change the character of the aquarium water, affecting both
hardness and pH stability. Notice the gradual build up of nitric acid.
High acidic levels can promote algae buildup, thusly compounding oxygen
levels to drop, and slow growth rates of the denitrifying bacteria.
A scientific/explosive breakthrough has been discovered and patented by
HDLTD, (see www.hdltd.com or www.memory-doctor.com) which
simultaneously breaks down the ammonia and nitrates. The major
qualities of Right Now Bacteria® are to rapidly convert ammonia (NH3 +
NH4OH, NO2), then into nitrates (NO3), in less than 24 hours. The
remaining gas is then vented into the atmosphere. This aerobic ammonium
oxidation mystifies microbiologists and came as a big surprise and
discovery to the science community and aquarium hobbiests. The Right
Now Bacteria® combined with the tri base carbon is an ideal
combination while pH rock and the sea lab trace elements assist to
stabilize initial reactions to keep your aquarium fish healthy.
Sal****er and freshwater aquarium products are available. Heavy metals
exist in the water make-up of several bodies of water. These also can
be degraded with the usage of Hiatt's Metal Gone ®. Fish
transportation? Not a problem with Hiatt's Instant Ammonia Destroyer
®. Other products such as Chloradsorb ®, coral food, and the red
torpedo filter canister make aquarium and reef tanks upkeep a pleasure,
distributed to wholesalers by Hiatt Distribution LTD and to retailers
by Memory-Doctor, provide a great opportunity to fish and aquarium
enthusiasts. For more information see www.hdltd.com or
www.memory-doctor.com.
Copyright© 2006. All rights reserved, including the right of
reproduction in whole or in part, without permission of Memory-Doctor.
associated articles and websites:
http://saltaquarium.about.com/library/weekly/aa012899.htm?terms=Hiatt
http://www.fws.gov/, http://www.aquaria.info/
http://www.tropicalfishfind.com/, http://www.fishlinkcentral.com/